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1991-08-11
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510,072,000 km²; 361,132,000 km² (70.8%) is water and
148,940,000 km² (29.2%) is land
Comparative area: land area about 16 times the size of the US
Land boundaries: 442,000 km
Coastline: 359,000 km
Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone: generally 24 nm, but varies from 4 nm to 24 nm;
Continental shelf: generally 200 nm, but some are 200 meters
in depth;
Exclusive fishing zone: most are 200 nm, but varies from
12 nm to 200 nm;
Extended economic zone: 200 nm, only Madagascar claims 150 nm;
Territorial sea: generally 12 nm, but varies from 3 nm to 200 nm
Disputes: 13 international land boundary disputes--Argentina-Uruguay,
Bangladesh-India, Brazil-Paraguay, Brazil-Uruguay, Cambodia-Vietnam,
China-India, China-USSR, Ecuador-Peru, El Salvador-Honduras,
French Guiana-Suriname, Guyana-Suriname, Guyana-Venezuela, Qatar-UAE
Climate: two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow
temperate zones from a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical
climates
Terrain: highest elevation is Mt. Everest at 8,848 meters and lowest
elevation is the Dead Sea at 392 meters below sea level; greatest ocean
depth is the Marianas Trench at 10,924 meters
Natural resources: the oceans represent the last major frontier for the
discovery and development of natural resources
Land use: 10% arable land; 1% permanent crops; 24% meadows and
pastures; 31% forest and woodland; 34% other; includes 1.6% irrigated
Environment: large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones),
natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions),
industrial disasters, pollution (air, water, acid rain, toxic substances),
loss of vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), loss of
wildlife resources, soil degradation, soil depletion, erosion
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█ ≡ People ≡ █
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Population: 5,316,644,000 (July 1990), growth rate 1.7% (1990)
Birth rate: 27 births/1,000 population (1990)
Death rate: 9 deaths/1,000 population (1990)
Infant mortality rate: 70 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)
Life expectancy at birth: 60 years male, 64 years female (1990)
Total fertility rate: 3.4 children born/woman (1990)
Literacy: 77% men; 66% women (1980)
Labor force: 1,939,000,000 (1984)
Organized labor: NA
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█ ≡ Government ≡ █
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Administrative divisions: 248 nations, dependent areas, and other
entities
Legal system: varies among each of the entities; 162 are parties to the
United Nations International Court of Justice (ICJ) or World Court
Diplomatic representation: there are 159 members of the UN
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█ ≡ Economy ≡ █
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Overview: In 1989 the World economy grew at an estimated 3.0%, somewhat
lower than the estimated 3.4% for 1988. The technologically advanced areas-
North America, Japan, and Western Europe--together account for 65% of the
gross world product (GWP) of $20.3 trillion; these developed areas grew in
the aggregate at 3.5%. In contrast, the Communist (Second World) countries
typically grew at between 0% and 2%, accounting for 23% of GWP. Experience
in the developing countries continued mixed, with the newly industrializing
countries generally maintaining their rapid growth, and many others
struggling with debt, inflation, and inadequate investment. The year 1989
ended with remarkable political upheavals in the Communist countries, which
presumably will dislocate economic production still further. The addition of
nearly 100 million people a year to an already overcrowded globe will
exacerbate the problems of pollution, desertification, underemployment, and
poverty throughout the 1990s.
GWP (gross world product): $20.3 trillion, per capita $3,870; real growth
rate 3.0% (1989 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5%, developed countries; 100%,
developing countries with wide variations (1989 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Exports: $2,694 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--NA;
partners--in value, about 70% of exports from industrial countries
Imports: $2,750 billion (c.i.f., 1988); commodities--NA;
partners--in value, about 75% of imports by the industrial countries
External debt: $1,008 billion for less developed countries (1988 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 5% (1989 est.)
Electricity: 2,838,680,000 kW capacity; 11,222,029 million kWh produced,
2,140 kWh per capita (1989)
Industries: chemicals, energy, machinery, electronics, metals, mining,
textiles, food processing
Agriculture: cereals (wheat, maize, rice), sugar, livestock products,
tropical crops, fruit, vegetables, fish
Aid: NA
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█ ≡ Communications ≡ █
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Ports: Mina al Ahmadi (Kuwait), Chiba, Houston, Kawasaki, Kobe,
Marseille, New Orleans, New York, Rotterdam, Yokohama
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█ ≡ Defense Forces ≡ █
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Branches: ground, maritime, and air forces at all levels of
technology
Military manpower: 29.15 million persons in the defense forces
of the World (1987)
Defense expenditures: 5.4% of GWP, or $1.1 trillion (1989 est.)